Literal translation involves translating the semantic meaning of each word individually, without considering its context. Furthermore, it adheres to the grammatical rules of the source language, which often differ significantly from the target language, as is evident between Persian and Arabic. Therefore, this study focuses on the shortcomings of literal translation from Persian into Arabic and vice versa. This includes the literal translation of single words or multiple words within a sentence, as well as the literal translation of structures, terms, and idiomatic expressions, whether in isolation or within sentences. It also addresses the literal translation of entire sentences. For this reason, this study is divided into five sections: -1 Literal Translation of Words. -2 Literal Translation of Structures. -3 Literal Translation of Terms. -4 Literal Translation of Idiomatic Expressions. -5 Literal Translation of Sentences. This study will adopt a contrastive approach and will also utilize some methodological tools such as induction, deduction, description, and analysis.
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