Ideology and hegemony theories describe the various methods of control employed by those in power to govern and dominate their people. The most prominent thinkers interested in this field attempted to explain the power of ideology and how it shapes people's minds and consciousness. Theorists of the Frankfurt School focused on the power of mass media and culture, demonstrating how they might be utilised to depoliticize individuals. Other influential theorists concentrated on other key control mechanisms, such as Guy Debord's spectacle, Michel Foucault's panopticism, and Edward Bernay's propaganda. Because they play on emotions, these approaches control people mentally and psychologically. More recent scholars expanded the study of the concept of ideology to include areas other than class and economy, such as race, gender, and identity, etc. They also emphasise the idea of people's agency. This paper traces the concept of ideology since its inception and focuses on its relationship to mass media, particularly, film.
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